Subistence Lifestyle
Introduction

Introduction - wiild mammals are a major part of the Alaskan native subsistance lifestyle. Many herd annimals are to be found on the Arctic tundra including caribou, moose, musk-oxen and Dall sheep. In addition to the herd annimals, native cultures hunt bear, beaver, arctic fox, rabbit and badger for their fur which is very useful for clothing and decoration. Eskimo people also hunt a wide variety of sea mammals and freshwater / saltwater fishes. Seal oil is highly prized and is considered a normal part of many meals. Several varieties of whales are also hunted along coastal regions. Seasonally, the people collect bird eggs and also hunt ducks and parmidgeon. Most households hold many members of an extended family and cooking is usually accomplished by having a very large pot of soup or stew made from whatever meat and vegetables are handy. Women and children collect blueberries, salmonberries, blackberries and cranberries which are then frozen until they are made into either pies or Eskamo ice cream, a mixture of berries and carabou fat or Crisco. While most families have freezers, native populations utilized earthern storage bins cut directly into the permafrost. The custom is still to eat many of these foods in their frozen state, thus saving a costly expenditure of fuel. Many types of meat and fish were sun dried or smoked to preserve them for winter use. These foods were also eaten without heating or cooking them. Usually, if seal oil is available, the dried fish is dipped in seal oil then eaten.

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